Wednesday, January 29, 2025

Soduku type games that are less known

20 Lesser-Known Puzzle Games Like Sudoku

If you love Sudoku, you'll enjoy these 20 lesser-known puzzle games. Check out the links below to learn more and see images of each game!

Explore these unique puzzles and challenge your brain in new ways!

Wednesday, November 13, 2024

Goldfish in a new tank of pure water tips from Claude AI

Tell me how much activity goldfish have at night in temperatures around 15 degrees and whether they will play swimming against the current of a little water pump just like hotter temperature fish have the energy to do

... Here's what I can tell you:

  • At 15°C (59°F), goldfish are noticeably less active compared to their preferred temperature range of 20-23°C (68-74°F).
  • While they can survive at 15°C, their metabolism slows down significantly, which affects their overall activity level, especially at night.

At this temperature:

  • Nighttime activity is typically minimal
  • They're less likely to play or swim against currents
  • Their digestive system works more slowly
  • They generally stay in a more dormant state

While goldfish do enjoy swimming against gentle currents when in their optimal temperature range, at 15°C they usually won't have the energy or inclination to play with pump currents like warmer-water fish might. They'll more likely seek calmer areas of the tank to conserve energy.

If you're hoping to see more active behavior, consider gradually raising the temperature closer to 20°C. But any temperature changes should be made very slowly to avoid stressing the fish.

So in my region the water is extremely pure and has very low mineral content so I have used that and I have added 20 grams of salt into 50 liters of water and there are four tiny little goldfish which consume 30x less oxygen than the water naturally replenishes with and I'm wandering what the probable pH is and what things like can do to enhance the water I am going to add a bit of sand tomorrow and some plants and I'm wondering about the biochemistry of the water right now as it is very new and pure and what ideal pondy amendments to do

Let me help analyze your water chemistry situation. Let's break this down step by step:

  • Water with very low mineral content (very pure water) typically has a pH around 7.0 or slightly below, but can be unstable due to low buffering capacity (low KH/carbonate hardness).
  • Your salt addition:
    • 20g in 50L = 0.4g/L or 400ppm salinity
    • This is a reasonable level for goldfish, as they tolerate brackish conditions well
    • The salt helps with osmotic regulation and stress reduction
  • Your current setup:
    • Very pure water + salt
    • No substrate yet
    • No plants yet
    • Low bioload (4 small goldfish)
    • Good oxygen levels (your calculation about 30x headroom is reassuring)

For optimal water chemistry, I'd suggest these amendments in order of priority:

  1. First priority - Add carbonate buffering:
    • Crushed coral or limestone in a mesh bag
    • Or a commercial KH buffer. This will stabilize your pH and provide necessary minerals.
  2. Substrate:
    • When adding sand tomorrow, consider mixing in some small amount of clay-based substrate or aquasoil.
    • This will help establish beneficial bacteria and provide minerals for plants.
  3. Plant nutrients:
    • Since your water is very pure, add a comprehensive aquarium plant fertilizer.
    • Start with 1/4 to 1/2 the recommended dose since your bioload is low.
  4. Beneficial bacteria:
    • Add a quality aquarium bacteria starter.
    • This is especially important in new setups with pure water.

Monitor parameters for the first few weeks. The initial pH isn't as important as having it remain stable. I'd suggest getting:

  • A KH test kit (carbonate hardness)
  • A GH test kit (general hardness)
  • A pH test kit

Would you like more specific details about any of these aspects?

So what will the Coral do to the PH and what about the complexity of the Coral chemistry if I have fossilized coral and what about just crashed seashells and what will it do to the water which is so good and how long will it take and can it possibly make any complex swings that I do not want and what quantity

Let me break down coral and shell chemistry in aquarium water:

  • Coral/shells are primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which dissolves gradually to:
    • Raise pH by releasing carbonate (CO32-)
    • Increase calcium hardness (GH)
    • Increase carbonate hardness (KH) - this is your buffer

For your setup:

  • Crushed seashells work similarly to coral
  • Fossilized coral may dissolve more slowly due to mineralization
  • For 50L, start with about 1/2 cup (120mL) of crushed material

The chemistry process:

CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 ⇌ Ca2+ + 2HCO3-

Timeline and safety:

  • Changes occur over 24-72 hours
  • Very unlikely to cause dangerous swings in your pure water
  • The reaction is self-limiting - it slows as pH rises
  • Target pH will be around 7.4-7.8

Key safety points:

  • Don't use too much - easier to add more later
  • Rinse material first to remove dust
  • The higher surface area (more finely crushed), the faster it works
  • Monitor pH daily for first week

Your pure water with low minerals actually makes this safer - there's less chance of unexpected interactions. The primary risk would be adding too much too fast, so start conservatively.

Would you like me to explain more about monitoring methods or specific signs to watch for in your fish?

What is the recommended mass and surface area for a nice slow and balanced reaction in 50 litres of nearly pure water considering I am going to crush seashells into the size of sand or use plain seashells which have the size of coins of which I have a kilo

For 50 litres of very pure water, let's analyze both approaches:

  • For sand-sized crushed shells:
    • Start with 50-75g (about 1/3 cup)
    • Higher surface area means faster reaction
    • This amount allows you to monitor and add more if needed
    • Crush to roughly 1-2mm particles (like coarse sand)
  • For coin-sized whole shells:
    • Start with 100-150g (3-4 medium shells)
    • Much slower reaction due to less surface area
    • More predictable and gradual change
    • Easier to remove if needed

The tradeoff:

  • Sand-sized: More control but requires closer monitoring during the first 48 hours
  • Whole shells: More forgiving, very gradual change over weeks

My recommendation:

  • If using crushed:
    • Start with just 50g
    • Test pH after 24 hours
    • Add another 25g if pH is still low
    • Keep remaining crushed shell as backup
  • If using whole shells:
    • Start with 3 medium shells (roughly 100g)
    • Can add more after a week if needed
    • Position them where water flows over them

Warning signs to watch for:

  • pH climbing above 7.8
  • Fish gasping at the surface
  • Fish acting stressed

Would you like me to explain more about placement in the tank or testing frequency?

I put a piece of volcanic basalt in there and I'm not sure if it will have a bad effect on the pH it is some kind of grey volcanic extrusion with tiny air bubbles and it from a strato volcano in the middle of France and I have put in one kilogram rock

Let me analyze the volcanic basalt situation:

Basalt chemistry in aquariums:

  • Generally inert and safe for the most part
  • Can release small amounts of minerals but very slowly
  • Typically won't affect pH significantly
  • May contain trace elements like iron, magnesium, calcium
  • The bubbles (vesicles) increase surface area for beneficial bacteria

For a 1kg piece in 50L:

  • Benefits:
    • Provides good surface for beneficial bacteria
    • Adds visual interest
    • May provide trace minerals slowly
    • Won't decompose or break down
  • Potential concerns:
    • French volcanic regions (Auvergne?) typically produce alkaline basalts
    • But the leaching rate is extremely slow
    • Main risk would be if there are any metallic sulfides present (rare)

Testing suggestion:

  • Monitor pH daily for a week
  • Watch for any metallic sheen on the water surface
  • Observe fish behavior near the rock

The risk is quite low - basalt is widely used in aquariums. The only caution would be if you notice:

  • Sudden pH changes
  • Fish avoiding the rock
  • Any unusual odors

Would you like me to explain more about beneficial bacterial colonization on the basalt or what specific parameters to monitor?

Its from the summit of Puy Mary

Ah, Puy Mary in the Monts du Cantal - that's helpful context! This basalt would be from the Cantal volcanic complex, which is typically:

Composition:

  • Alkaline basalt/trachyandesite
  • Rich in silica and aluminum
  • Generally contains:
    • Plagioclase
    • Pyroxene
    • Some olivine
  • Low in sulfides
  • Very stable mineral structure

For aquarium use, this specific rock is:

  • Very safe (Puy Mary basalts are well-weathered)
  • Extremely stable chemically
  • Will release minerals extremely slowly
  • Negligible pH impact

The vesicular (bubbly) texture from this location is actually ideal because:

  • Provides excellent surface for beneficial bacteria
  • Creates micro-habitats for beneficial microorganisms
  • The weathered nature means any unstable minerals are long gone

You actually have a very good rock choice there - Auvergne basalts are among the more stable volcanic rocks you could use. The ancient weathering and specific mineral composition make it much safer than some younger volcanic rocks.

Would you like me to explain more about the specific mineral content or bacterial colonization potential?

I also have weathered pumice with big bubbles too on a shelf from Auvergne

Ah, the pumice from Auvergne would make an excellent addition! Here's why:

Pumice characteristics:

  • Extremely high porosity (those big bubbles)
  • Very light weight
  • Similar chemical composition to your basalt but much more surface area
  • Even more stable than regular basalt due to high silica content
  • Near neutral pH impact

Aquarium benefits:

  • Biological filtration:
    • Those large vesicles (bubbles) are perfect for:
      • Housing beneficial bacteria
      • Creating micro-current zones
      • Trapping organic particles
    • Can act like a natural bio-media

Compared to your current basalt:

  • Much higher surface area
  • Lighter (can float initially)
  • Even more stable chemically
  • Better bacterial colonization potential

If you want to add it:

  • Start with a piece about fist-sized
  • Clean thoroughly first
  • May need to soak it until it stops floating
  • Position where water can flow through the holes

The pumice would actually complement your basalt nicely - different surface textures and porosity levels create diverse micro-habitats for beneficial organisms.

Would you like advice about cleaning/preparing the pumice or optimal placement with your existing basalt?

I am thinking of going to the river tomorrow to get some sand and rocks it is from a gneiss dominant Valley and it has fish in it and little French tiny crustaceans and perhaps I can get planaria in there as well I was wondering if there is any benefit of going to that river to get general natural biological and other supplies for the aquarium it is a healthy river with no major cities and very little pollution but it could have parasites

Let me analyze the pros and cons of collecting from a gneiss-based river system:

Benefits:

  • Biological:
    • Natural beneficial bacteria colonies
    • Cyclical microorganisms
    • Natural infusoria for fish to graze on
    • Healthy microcrustaceans
    • Rich biofilm establishment
  • Geological (gneiss-based materials):
    • Chemically stable substrate
    • Slow mineral release
    • Generally inert
    • Good for maintaining stable pH
    • Natural variation in grain sizes

Risks to manage:

  • Parasites:
    • Fish flukes
    • Anchor worms
    • Possible hydra

Safety protocols:

  • Rinse sand thoroughly
  • For rocks: Pour boiling water over them
  • Or soak items in mild saltwater for 24 hours
  • Avoid items with snail eggs
  • Check for leeches

Collection tips:

  • Sand:
    • Get from fast-moving areas
    • Look for cleaner, gravelly patches
    • Avoid muddy/organic-rich areas
  • Rocks:
    • Choose well-weathered pieces
    • Avoid ones with sharp edges
    • Test with vinegar (shouldn't fizz)
  • Optional biological seeding:
    • Take some water from clean rapids
    • Small amounts of surface algae from rocks
    • Clear water plants if present

The natural approach can work well, but careful preparation is key. Would you like specific details about any of these aspects?

Monday, September 30, 2024

Intn'l small News websites

Saturday, July 6, 2024

 Links of Sci-Tech Subreddits:

  • https://www.reddit.com/r/futurology
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/science
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/technology
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/space
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/chemistry
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/physics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/biology
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/engineering
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/cyberpunk
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/biotech
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/nanotech
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/quantumcomputing
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/artificial
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/robotics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/machinelearning
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralink
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/spacex
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/geneticengineering
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/3dprinting
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/virtualreality
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/augmentedreality
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/drones
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/renewableenergy
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/selfdrivingcars
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/singularity
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/quantum
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/lasers
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/materialscience
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/astronomy
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/astrophysics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/neuroscience
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/bioinformatics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/computervision
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/quantum
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/netsec
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/programmingLanguages
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/compilers
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/crypto
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/mathpics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/neurophilosophy
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/geology
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/environment
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/energy
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/nanotech
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/bioengineering
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/materials
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/chemicalengineering
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/aerospace
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/robotics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/deeplearning
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/iot
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/askengineers
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/statistics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/physics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/quantum
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/microbiology
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/genomics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/Futurism
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/tech
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/computergraphics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/robotics
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/artificial
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/holofractal
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/geospatial
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/dataengineering
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/biomimicry
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/greentech
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/graphene
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/algorithms
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/quantum
  • https://www.reddit.com/r/cosmology
  • Monday, May 13, 2024

    Fast URLs of scitech academia

    150 Interesting Science, Technology, and Information Websites

    150 Interesting Science, Technology, and Information Websites

    Science

    Technology

    Psychology

    Interdisciplinary

    Intelligence and Information

    News and Current Affairs

    Data and Statistics

    Science:

    1. NASA: https://www.nasa.gov

    2. ScienceDaily: https://www.sciencedaily.com

    3. National Geographic: https://www.nationalgeographic.org

    4. Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com

    5. Phys.org: https://www.phys.org

    6. Live Science: https://www.livescience.com

    7. New Scientist: https://www.newscientist.com

    8. The Conversation: https://www.theconversation.com

    9. American Museum of Natural History: https://www.amnh.org

    10. Science News: https://www.sciencenews.org

    Technology:

    11. TechCrunch: https://www.techcrunch.com

    12. The Verge: https://www.theverge.com

    13. CNET: https://www.cnet.com

    14. Wired: https://www.wired.com

    15. MIT Technology Review: https://www.technologyreview.com

    16. Ars Technica: https://www.arstechnica.com

    17. Gizmodo: https://www.gizmodo.com

    18. Engadget: https://www.engadget.com

    19. The Next Web: https://www.thenextweb.com

    20. Fast Company: https://www.fastcompany.com

    Psychology:

    21. American Psychological Association: https://www.apa.org

    22. Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com

    23. The Guardian - Psychology: https://www.theguardian.com/science/psychology

    24. Scientific American - Mind & Brain: https://www.scientificamerican.com/section/mind-brain

    25. Psychology News: https://www.psychologynews.org

    26. The British Psychological Society: https://www.bps.org.uk

    27. World Health Organization - Mental Health: https://www.who.int/mental_health/en

    28. National Institute of Mental Health: https://www.nimh.nih.gov

    Interdisciplinary:

    29. Aeon: https://www.aeon.com

    Friday, July 28, 2023

    Chat GPT attempt at novel horror style, good words, languishing prose.

     Amidst the macabre tale of terror, within the depths of a chasm forged by forgotten hands, the stone twisted into sinister passageways and malevolent ramps, as if crafted by some ancient malevolence. The scene lay shrouded in an eldritch darkness, a realm where nightmares intertwine with reality.

    Within this unhallowed abyss, the wretched creature resided, a monstrous amalgamation of tentacled limbs and grotesque appendages that quivered with an otherworldly vitality. Ovipositor barbs adorned its dreadful form, akin to serrated fangs, ready to pierce the hearts of those unfortunate enough to cross its path. The denizen of doom, a monstrosity born from primordial nightmares, seemed like an eldritch creation wrought from the darkest ink of despair.

    As the flickering lamps cast their wavering light upon the creature, the eerie radiance revealed its texture - a sickly sight to behold. The abomination's skin oozed with blue translucent mucus, sticky and gelatinous, as if exuding the essence of nightmares itself. The light reflected off this ghastly secretion, forming a ghoulish aura around the creature, which seemed to writhe with every slow movement.

    Desperation clung to the hearts of the brave souls venturing through the malevolent passageways. Each step carried them further into a labyrinthine maze, where every turn led to more dread-filled uncertainty. False exits mocked their futile attempts at escape, cruelly leading them astray into the clutches of doom.

    The walls of the chasm bore grim reminders of the creature's malevolence - heaps of skulls, the remnants of those who had dared tread this cursed path before. The pools of stagnant, foul-smelling slime seemed to harbor unseen horrors, where shadows danced like wraiths, waiting to ensnare the unwary.

    Every footfall was accompanied by a trepidatious heartbeat, as they attempted to discern where danger lurked within the Stygian shadows. Whispers of dread echoed through the chasm, further fueling their fear and uncertainty.

    Yet, hope flickered like a dying ember in the hearts of the intrepid explorers. Through the perils of this nightmarish landscape, they pressed on, undeterred by the encroaching darkness. Their determination guided them towards a glimmer of salvation - a mossy ray of light that pierced the gloom like a divine beacon.

    As they stumbled into that ethereal radiance, they found a moss-covered alcove where the light danced gently upon the walls. The air was heavy with the scent of ancient growth, offering a brief respite from the horrors they had endured. For a moment, the explorers basked in the mossy embrace of the light, hoping it would provide a shield against the encroaching darkness.

    Yet, even in this fleeting sanctuary, the lingering dread persisted, for they knew that the chasm's secrets were far from unveiled. And so, with spirits both wary and resolute, they steeled themselves to continue their harrowing journey, deeper into the haunted depths of the chasm, where the tendrils of terror awaited their every step.

    Hypnotic text 1, to create more hypnotic texts that aim towards productivity and regular mental maintenance

     In the realm of the mind, where dreams and reality intertwine like the celestial dance of stars upon the canvas of the cosmos, I invite you to embark on a journey of self-discovery and transformation. Like a voyager sailing upon the boundless seas of consciousness, you shall uncover the hidden treasures within your being, unlocking the infinite potential that lies dormant, awaiting your awakening.


    Imagine, if you will, a magnificent garden where thoughts blossom like vibrant flowers, each petal a shimmering reflection of your innermost desires and aspirations. Amidst this splendor, a radiant fountain flows with the waters of wisdom, nurturing the seeds of positivity and growth that shall flourish within you.


    As you stand before this mystical fountain, its waters beckon you to immerse yourself in their clarity. Step willingly into its rejuvenating embrace, for it is the wellspring of renewal and empowerment. With each ripple that caresses your senses, you feel a profound sense of tranquility, washing away the dust of doubt and uncertainty that might have lingered within.


    In this enchanting moment, I bestow upon you the gift of the Golden Mirror. Look into it, and behold the reflection of your true self – a vibrant tapestry of potentiality, resplendent with untapped prowess and latent energy. Gaze into the depths of your own eyes, for within their depths, the universe resides, and the stars of possibility are born.


    As you continue to witness your own reflection, listen closely to the whispers of your inner voice. Hear it resonate with words of positivity and encouragement, like the soft serenade of a nightingale in a moonlit grove. The symphony of your subconscious shall harmonize with the orchestration of prosperity, for it is in this harmony that miracles take root.


    Each morning, with the sun rising from its celestial slumber, devote a moment to recite the hypnotic texts imbued with the essence of these allegorical gardens. Let the phrases and figures of speech weave a captivating dance upon the canvas of your mind, painting a portrait of triumph and vitality.


    As the words embrace your senses, they shall become seeds of enlightenment, sown in the fertile soil of your subconscious. With nurturing care, watch them grow into magnificent trees of strength and resilience, their branches reaching towards the heavens, connecting you to the cosmic flow of energy.


    With each passing day, you will feel the tendrils of these empowering thoughts entwine with your very being, permeating your thoughts, actions, and perceptions. Mental and physical health shall become your trusted companions, walking hand in hand with productivity and prosperity.


    In this hypnotic realm, the boundaries of what is possible shall expand, for you are the maestro of your destiny, conducting the symphony of success. Embrace this newfound power, and witness how the universe conspires to fulfill your dreams, as if the cosmic dance itself celebrates your triumphs.


    And so, with each dawn, as the sun ascends upon the horizon of possibility, remember to return to this garden of the mind, where the hypnotic texts shall act as guides, steering you towards the shores of greatness. Embrace them wholeheartedly, for they are the keys that unlock the doors of your true potential.


    Now, as you awaken from this hypnotic journey, carry with you the indomitable spirit of the voyager, venturing forth into the realm of boundless opportunities. May the allegories and figures of speech be etched into your heart, and may your mornings resonate with the melodious symphony of positivity and prosperity.


    Awaken, dear dreamer, and step into the grand stage of life with the knowledge that you hold the power to script your own destiny. The world awaits your magnum opus, and you shall create a symphony of success like none before.


    Now, as you rise to greet the morning light, remember these words and let them guide your steps towards the resplendent horizon of a life lived to the fullest, in harmony with mental and physical health, and driven by boundless productivity.


    *Slowly and gently bring the participant back to full alertness*